Urinalysis is the analysis of urine. Simple screening tests of the urine are carried out with reagent strips, for example Clinistix for the detection of glucose. More detailed tests are carried out in a laboratory on a specimen of urine. Typical specimens are a midstream specimen (MSU) and a catheter specimen (CSU). Microscopic examination may reveal the presence of red blood cells, pus cells, or casts. Casts are solid bodies formed by protein or cells.

Plus signs are used in case notes to indicate abnormal findings. A small amount (+) is described as a trace. For a large amount (+++), the words gross or marked can be used, for example gross haematuria. When there is nothing, the word nil is common.

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