- 签证留学 |
- 笔译 |
- 口译
- 求职 |
- 日/韩语 |
- 德语
一篇作文首先应该具有一定的系统性和目的性,其组织结构应该具有严格性,因此在组织文章时切记不可随心所欲,草率行事,因而我们在写作时必须遵循一定的步骤,有计划地进行。
(一)认真审题立意
在动笔之前,必须认真审题,分析命题意图。根据题目确定文章体裁,考虑文章内容,把与题目有关的材料进行分析、整理,并加以取舍。作文审题在很大程度上关系到整篇文章的成败,有的考生在考试时唯恐时间不够,急于成文,不认真审题,结果写出的文章不是离题太远,与原命题大相径庭,就是抓不住重点,杂乱无章,缺乏逻辑性与关联性。
(二)确立文章中心思想
确立文章中心思想,即根据题目确定文章的要点。文章的要点必须具体明确,不能含糊其辞。中心思想一般由全文主题来体现,接下来便是围绕主题句构思全文,拟写提纲,只有中心思想确立之后,列提纲才能有的放矢。
(三)拟写作文提纲
审明了题意,了解了命题的意图,确立了文章中心思想之后,接下来就是拟写作文提纲。提纲是文章的框架,可以显现出文章主题发展的脉络;列提纲能使主题思想进一步具体化、条理化,有助于作者理清思路,使文章有章可循,有理可依。
提纲有两种形式,即短语式和句式。短语式提纲就是用短语和词组列出文章的层次和段落以及各层次、各段落的大致顺序,这种提纲的特点是简洁、清楚。句式提纲由完整的、独立的句子组成,句子结构也相对一致,这种提纲提供了更加详尽的轮廓。在考试时,考生可根据时间和个人习惯,任选一种提 纲。请比较下列两种提纲:
短语式提纲:
Title : The Advantages of Taking a Part-time Job
Thesis : There are many advantages of taking a part-time job for college students.
1.Introduction of the thesis
2.The advantages of taking a part-time job
a.being economically independent
b.having more social experience
c.being helpful to the academic studies
3.Conclusion : being beneficial to the college students
句式提纲:
Title : The Advantages of Taking a Part-time Job
Thesis : There are many advantages of taking a part-time job for college students.
1.Introduction : There are many advantages of taking a part-time job for college students.
2.Taking a part-time job can do college students a lot good.
a.College students can be economically independent by taking a part-time job.
b.College students can gain more social experience by taking a part-time job.
c.College students can improve their academic studies by taking a part-time job.
3.Conclusion : Taking a part-time can be beneficial to the college students.
列提纲时,应防止两种形式的混用,句式提纲是句子,而短语式提纲是名词词组。列提纲时要尽量使用平行结构,编号要统一。有了提纲,文章在材料安排上才会层次分明,整体性强。