the Qing emperors 清朝历代皇帝 

the Johnsons约翰逊一家

例5 The lion is the king of animals. 

獅子是百兽之王。

例6 Automobile factories were closing down in early 1961.

1961年初，汽车エ厂纷纷倒闭。

例7 The roofs of this pagoda are constructed of coloured glazed tiles of yellows and

greens.

塔顶铺的是浓淡不一的黄色和绿色琥璃瓦。

例8 In its second year on top (of Fortune 500)，Wal-Mart has thus done more than

retain its title as king of the mountain ( or mountains，now that it stands atop FORTUNE's Most Admired Companies list too).

这是它第二年（在《财富》500强排行榜上）独占鳌头，从而不仅仅保住了一山之主的称号（或者叫二山之主，因为它在《财富》杂志评选的“最受赞赏的公司”名单上也名列第一）。

英语语序的变化也会产生一定的额外含义，如表示原因、条件或强调等，适当增词即可再现这层由结构变化产生的含义。

3. 补足语言结构

翻译中的增词，有时是出于汉语搭配习惯的考虑，目的是使译文句子的结构得更加完整、达意。如：

例9 There were no speeches，no foreign diplomats，no“ordinary people ” with

paper flags and bouquets of flowers.

没有人发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有“老百姓”挥舞纸旗和花束的场面。

例10 Often, however, tariffs are protective and are designed to carry out a particular

economic policy.

然而，关税经常具有保护性质，并用以贯彻一项具体的经济政策。