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中医学作为一门古老的科学,具有独特的文体风格。它延续 了古代汉语文学的修辞方式,文言句式,言简意赅,寓意典雅,表述浓缩含混。翻译时要突出理解,釆用“薄文重医”“去芜存真”“得‘意’望‘言’”,“比照西医,求同存异”,“挖掘国宝,古为今用”等翻译原则。在传统中医的翻译中,容易出现的错误与不足主要有三: 1)英文翻译的简单化,把含义深厚的中医术语翻译成过分简单的英文表达;2)只从字面上解释,而没有注意到其内涵;3)误译,中医中有很多古汉语表达,晦涩难懂,容易弄错。例如中医术语“土喜温燥”与“金水相生”在《汉英中医词典》中分别译成Earth is fit for warmth and dryness, generation between metal and water. 这种译文对于不太了解中医的西方读者来说,无异于拜读天书。根据中医五行配五脏的理论,这里的“土”实指“脾”;而“金”“水”则分别指的是“肺”、“肾”。闪此,应该釆用意译其内涵的方法,不可过分拘泥于中文的字而意思,要“薄文重医”,力求表达字面之下的深层含义,求疾理所在。
八纲辨证 differential diagnosis in accordance with the eight principal syndromes; diagnosis according to the eight guiding principles
辨证论治 diagnosis and treatment based on the differential diagnosis; planning treatment according to diagnosis
病因辨证 etiological analysis and differentiation
对症下药 to suit the medicine to the illness; to suit the remedy to the case
开胃健脾 increasing / improving the appetite and invigorating the spleen
消食化积 promoting digestion and eliminating stagnation
补血益气 enriching / Lonifying the blood and replenishing qi
补肝(脑 / 脾 / 费)nourishing the liver / brain / spleen /kidney
健胃活血 digestion / blood improvement
健脾 strengthening /fortifying the spleen
理血顺气 treating the blood disorder and regulating (the flow of) qi
理中 regulating the function of the middle-jiao (“理” 为调理)
理气 regulating the flow of qi