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《中国的中医药》白皮书 (中英对照)III

发布时间: 2018-03-21 09:37:31   作者:译聚网   来源: 国新网   浏览次数:
摘要: 国务院新闻办公室12月6日发表《中国的中医药》白皮书,全文如下。



  中医药科学研究取得积极进展。组织开展16个国家级中医临床研究基地建设及中医药防治传染病和慢性非传染性疾病临床科研体系建设,建立了涵盖中医药各学科领域的重点研究室和科研实验室,建设了一批国家工程(技术)研究中心、工程实验室,形成了以独立中医药科研机构、中医药大学、省级以上中医医院为研究主体,综合性大学、综合医院、中药企业等参与的中医药科技创新体系。近年来,有45项中医药科研成果获得国家科技奖励,其中科技进步一等奖5项。屠呦呦因发现“青蒿素——一种用于治疗疟疾的药物”,荣获2011年美国拉斯克临床医学奖和2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。因将传统中药的砷剂与西药结合治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病的疗效明显提高,王振义、陈竺获得第七届圣捷尔吉癌症研究创新成就奖。开展中药资源普查试点工作,并初步建成由1个中心平台、28个省级中心、65个监测站组成的中药资源动态监测信息和技术服务体系,以及16个中药材种子种苗繁育基地和2个种质资源库。组织开展民族医药文献整理与适宜技术筛选推广工作,涉及150部重要民族医药文献、140项适宜技术。这些科研成果的转化应用,为提高临床疗效、保障中药质量、促进中药产业健康发展提供了支撑。


  中药产业快速发展。颁布实施一系列加强野生中药资源保护的法律法规,建立一批国家级或地方性的自然保护区,开展珍稀濒危中药资源保护研究,部分紧缺或濒危资源已实现人工生产或野生抚育。基本建立了以中医药理论为指导、突出中医药特色、强调临床实践基础、鼓励创新的中药注册管理制度。目前,国产中药民族药约有6万个药品批准文号。全国有2088家通过药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)认证的制药企业生产中成药,中药已从丸、散、膏、丹等传统剂型,发展到现在的滴丸、片剂、膜剂、胶囊等40多种剂型,中药产品生产工艺水平有了很大提高,基本建立了以药材生产为基础、工业为主体、商业为纽带的现代中药产业体系。2015年中药工业总产值7866亿元,占医药产业规模的28.55%,成为新的经济增长点;中药材种植成为农村产业结构调整、生态环境改善、农民增收的重要举措;中药产品贸易额保持较快增长,2015年中药出口额达37.2亿美元,显示出巨大的海外市场发展潜力。中药产业逐渐成为国民经济与社会发展中具有独特优势和广阔市场前景的战略性产业。


Positive progress made in TCM scientific research. Sixteen national TCM clinical research bases have been built as part of the clinical research system for preventing and treating infectious diseases and chronic non-infectious diseases with TCM. This, together with a number of key research centers and labs covering all disciplines of TCM and national engineering (technology) research centers and labs in this respect, have brought into being a TCM sci-tech innovation system that is based on independent TCM research institutes, TCM universities, and TCM hospitals at and above the provincial level, and participated by comprehensive universities, general hospitals and TCM enterprises.


In recent years, 45 TCM research achievements have been awarded national sci-tech prizes, of which five were first-prize winners of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. Tu Youyou won the 2011 Lasker Award in clinical medicine and the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering qinghaosu (artemisinin). Wang Zhenyi and Chen Zhu were awarded the Seventh Annual Szent-Gyorgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research for combining the Western medicine ATRA and the TCM compound arsenic trioxide to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). 


A pilot program for Chinese medicinal resources survey has been implemented, forming a dynamic information and technology system with one central platform, 28 provincial-level centers, and 65 monitoring stations. Sixteen seed and seedling bases for Chinese medicinal plants and two germplasm banks have been established. Organizational work has been done for collation of literature and screening of appropriate skills of ethnic minority medicine, involving 150 works on ethnic minority medicine and 140 appropriate skills. The transformation and application of these research results has provided support for enhancing clinical effectiveness, ensuring the quality of Chinese medicine, and fostering the sound development of the TCM pharmaceutical industry.


Rapid development of the TCM pharmaceutical industry. A number of laws and regulations have been enacted and implemented on strengthening the protection of TCM wild medicinal resources; a number of national and local nature reserves have been established; research has been conducted on the protection of rare and endangered Chinese medicinal resources; and artificial production or wild tending have been carried out for certain scarce and endangered resources.


A registration management system has been basically established for TCM pharmaceuticals under the guidance of theories of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology, highlighting the strengths of TCM, setting great store by clinical practice and encouraging innovation. To date, 60,000 TCM and ethnic minority medical drugs have been approved, and 2,088 pharmaceutical enterprises that have been approved by the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) of Medical Products are manufacturing Chinese patent medicines. The dosage forms of TCM medicines have increased from a traditionally limited number of forms such as pills, powders, ointments and pellets into more than 40, including dropping pills, tablets, pods and capsules, indicating marked improvement in the technological level of Chinese medicinal drug production, and initial establishment of a modern Chinese medicine industry based on the production of medicinal materials and industrial production and tied together by commerce.


In 2015, the total output value of the TCM pharmaceutical industry was RMB786.6 billion, accounting for 28.55 percent of the total generated by the country's pharmaceutical industry, and becoming a new source of growth in China's economy. Planting Chinese medicinal herbs has become a key means of adjusting the rural industrial structure, improving the eco-environment, and increasing farmers' incomes. Trade in Chinese medicinal products has maintained rapid growth, and the export value of Chinese medicines amounted to US$3.72 billion in 2015, signifying the great potential of Chinese medicines in overseas markets. The TCM pharmaceutical industry has gradually developed into an industry with distinctive strengths and broad market prospects, which is of strategic importance to national economic and social development.



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